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TOOLBOX FOR PROMOTING THE BUS SAFETY AND SECURITY PROGRAM IN YOUR STATE: A TRAINING CURRICULUM FOR IMPLEMENTATION Prepared by: National Center for Transit Research Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT 100 Tampa, FL 33620-5375 (813) 974-3120 October, 2005 Project Manager: Deborah Buchacz Sapper, Senior Research Associate Project Staff: Holly Carapella, Research Associate Anthony Thorn, Undergraduate Assistant NCHRP Project 20-65 (02) provided funding for the initial version of this document. The materials in this document have been provided by the following state Departments of Transportations: Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, North Carolina, Texas, Utah, and Washington, along with American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Additional support has been provided by American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standing Committee on Public Transportation (SCOPT) and the AASHTO's SCOPT Safety and Security Taskforce.
Introduction
IntroductionThroughout the United States, bus transit systems work hard to move millions of people each day to where they need to go. Transit operators traverse public thoroughfares, sharing roadway facilities with the general public and other vehicles that operate on local roadways. Patrons of transit service expect prompt, courteous and above all, safe operations of their transit systems. While transit systems want to move people effectively and efficiently, their overall goal is to move patrons in a safe and secure manner.
Introduction > Model Transit Bus Safety Program
Model Transit Bus Safety ProgramWith those goals in mind, the "Model Transit Bus Safety Program" was endorsed by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), American Public Transit Associations (APTA), and the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA), and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in December 2003. A major responsibility of the MOU was to promote a voluntary development and implementation of bus safety and security plans at the state and transit system levels. The Model Program contains two general categories of program elements: Core Safety Program Elements and Enhanced Safety Program Elements. Collectively, these elements define the comprehensive FTA Model Transit Bus Safety and Security Program. The Core Safety Program Elements are those elements that all transit providers are encouraged to implement. Core Elements apply to all Section 5307 and 5311 transit providers. Section 5310 provider participation in a safety and security program is subject to state discretion. Core Safety Program Elements include:• Driver /Employee Selection • Driver/Employee Training • Vehicle Maintenance • Drug and Alcohol Abuse Programs • Safety Data Acquisition and Analysis • Security The Enhanced Safety Program Elements improve the transit provider’s safety program beyond the Core Safety Program Elements. Transit providers in urban areas typically include these elements. Enhanced elements are more applicable for large urbanized areas, but respectively reduced requirements are encouraged to be used by smaller urbanized areas and medium-sized urban areas. Other transit providers, such as Section 5311 grantees, may expand their safety program as their services, resources and infrastructures grow to include enhanced safety program elements as a part of a continuous improvement approach to transit bus safety and security. As is the case with core elements, where service is contracted with 5307 or 5311 funds, the grantee is responsible for ensuring that the contractor will implement the enhanced safety program elements as applicable. The Enhanced Safety Program Elements are grouped into three general categories:• Safety Process-Centric Elements – These elements focus on understanding the safety issues within the transit bus operations (accidents, incident, hazards) so that resources can be properly directed. • Human-Centric Elements – These elements focus on processes or procedures that are directed toward driver and employee safety issues. • Infrastructure and Equipment-Centric Elements – These elements address safety issues related to the transit system vehicles and general infrastructure.
Introduction > Transit Bus Safety Respurce Guide Website
Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide WebsiteThe web-based "Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide" was developed by the Florida Department of Transportation in partnership with AASHTO’s Multi State Technical Assistance Program (MTAP) to promote the bus transit resource guide and model program.The website is a useful resource for State Departments of Transportation and transit systems for developing bus safety and security programs. The materials provided in the guide are scalable for systems of any size, but are particularly suitable for small urban and rural transit systems. The materials are intended to be used as outline models and templates for states and transit systems in developing their safety and security programs.
Introduction > Report Outline
Report OutlineThe following report using the Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide website as a resource provides state Departments of Transportation, and transit systems, resources and examples on developing and implementing a bus system safety program plan. The report walks through the basic steps and core elements needed in developing a System Safety Program Plan (SSPP). This report also provides examples of how different agencies of various sizes incorporate the core elements into their system safety plan.In addition to the Introduction, the report is broken down into the following chapters and topics: Chapter 1 – Bus System Safety Program Plan Development All system safety program plans (SSPP) describes policies, procedures and requirements to be followed by management, maintenance and operators to provide a safe and secure environment for employees and the general public. The SSPP integrates the transit system safety activities into a coordinated adopted document which defines and describes the agency safety program. The (SSPP) is the primary tool through which the transit system will measure accountability for safety. This chapter will provide an overview of the following elements that need to be addressed in an SSPP:
Chapter 2 – Driver/Employee Selection Driver selection is critical to safe transit operations. The driver of a bus transit vehicle is directly responsible for the safety of passengers and other motorists that share the road with transit buses. The transit provider is encouraged to have a clear definition of driver qualifications and background. This applies to all safety-critical employees and bus operators, both paid and volunteer. A safety plan may contain several policies and statements addressing the issues related to Driver and Employee Selection. Items such as job descriptions, driver licensing requirements, driving record requirements, physical requirements and drug and alcohol testing may all be included in an SSPP. Some of this information may be contained in other documents, such as employee hiring policies, or with the transit system’s drug and alcohol policy. Included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies have addressed elements of Driver/Employee Selection in their system safety program plans. Chapter 3 – Driver/Employee Training Once qualified candidates are identified and hired, initial and on-going training is critical to insure proper operations and adherence to the transit providers’ rules and regulations. Proper qualification of operating and maintenance personnel is a vital part of a safe transit environment. It is recommended that Driver training address specific safety-related issues appropriate to the type of vehicle and driving assignment. It recommended that a safety plan contain specific elements related to operator and employee training. Some of the information may be contained in other documents, such as employee hiring policies, or with the system’s drug and alcohol policy. The following are just a few of the issues discussed in this chapter: • Agency policies and procedures • Scheduling • Radio procedure manual • Emergency procedures • Organizational structure • Reporting/documentation of events • Emergency management procedures • Personal safety • Fires • Bomb threats • Hazard identification and pocedures • Accident reporting • Drug and alcohol programs • First-Aid bloodborne pathogens • Passenger awareness and sensitivity training (PASS) Also included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies address Driver/Employee Training in their System Safety Program Plan. Chapter 4 – Vehicle Maintenance Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment is critical to the continued safe operation of the transit system. Unsafe vehicles present unnecessary hazards to the driver, passengers, and other vehicles on the road. Basic vehicle maintenance practices recommended to regularly address safety-related vehicle equipment to ensure that no unsafe vehicles are dispatched for service. Topics covered within Chapter 4 include: • An outline of schedule maintenance for major vehicle components • Check list of complete maintenance • List of replacement parts and lubricants • Record of ongoing maintenance concerns • Maintenance Programs suggested by the Vehicle’s Manufacturer Warranty Maintenance schedule for vehicles and equipment. • Maintenance audits • Training Also included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies address issues related to Vehicle Maintenance in their System Safety Program Plan. Chapter 5 – Drug & Alcohol Abuse Program Since many transit providers receive FTA operating and capital funds, the FTA Drug Testing Requirements form the basis for agencies’ drug abuse programs. An alcohol abuse program is also required. The bottom line is protection of the riding public and transit employees, and all efforts are geared toward this end. The transit provider safety program outlines the specific policies, procedures and responsibilities, or reference the appropriate master document containing that information. The following issues are discussed in Chapter 5: • Federal/state/local regulations related to drug & alcohol testing and policies • Anti-drug programs • Prescription and over the counter drug statements • Drug & alcohol testing Also included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies address issues related to Drug and Alcohol Abuse Programs in their system safety program plan. Chapter 6 – Safety Data, Acquisition and Analysis Understanding safety data is an important step toward allocating important (and often scarce) resources to implement safety program elements. Safety data relative to transit provider operations can be used to determine safety trends in system operation. These data include information gathered from within the system on safety-related events such as passenger injuries or claims, employee injuries, accidents, and incidents. Driver reports (sometimes called logs) can be an important source of safety problems, such as dangerous stop locations, problems with bus equipment, safety problems with the route, and other issues. The data are useful in a formal hazard identification and resolution process to help identify hazards before they cause accidents. The data may also help improve system performance, not only in respect to safety, but also in overall delivery of service to the riding public. In addition, trend analyses of safety data can help determine the effectiveness of safety initiatives that have been implemented. The following issues are discussed in Chapter 6: • Establishment/role of safety review committees • Accidents/incidents • Accident/incident investigation and analysis • Hazard identification • Hazard resolution • Safety data analysis techniques There are also examples of how transit agencies of varying sizes address issues related to Safety Data, Acquisition and Analysis in system safety program plans. Chapter 7 – Internal Safety Audit Process In addition to a development of a SSPP, transit agencies are encouraged to establish an internal audit process to periodically assess that key safety elements are being addressed for the overall safety of employees and passengers of the transit agency. APTA has developed a comprehensive internal safety audit process that can be tailored to transit agencies of all sizes. Included in Chapter 7 is the Internal Safety Audit Process developed by APTA. Security Program Planning Hazard and Security Plan development will not be addressed in this report. The TCRP Project J-10D “Hazard and Security Plan, A Template to Develop A Plan Addressing Routine And Catastrophic Hazards and Security Issues Facing Small And Rural Transportation Providers”, is a excellent resource for small and rural agencies to use for developing hazard and security plans.
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Safety Policy Statement | • Authority Statement |
| • Purpose Statement | • Goals and Objectives |
| • System Description | • Organizational Structure |
| • Program Elements/Tasks | • Program Implementation/Maintenance |
Introduction
It is recomended that the introduction to the SSPP includes three main elements, a statement of safety policy, definitions and purpose, and goals and objectives.Safety Policy Statement
Transit systems are encourage to establish the SSPP as an operating document that has been prepared for and approved by transit system top management. It is recommended that the plan include a policy statement signed by the chief executive officer or the governing board.Authority
It is recommended that the authority statement in an SSPP clearly defines the authority for establishing and implementing the SSPP and how that authority has been delegated through the organization.Following are sample policy statements developed by the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Public Transportation Division and the Ohio Department of Transportation for use by their transit agencie
s in developing a system safety policy. Transit agencies may adopt these safety policy statements below or they can use these policies as a starting point in creating their own safety policy statement. Other examples of policy statements are available on the Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide website on the State Policy and Plans page .
North Carolina Safety Policy Statement
Policy Description:
Safety is the number one priority of [Agency Name]. In support of that goal, the primary importance of the System Safety Program Plan policies and procedures is the reduction of accidents and injuries to transit customers, employees and the general public. Safety is a shared responsibility between system management and employees.
It is the policy of [Agency Name] to provide a place of employment that is free from recognized hazards that could result in death or serious injury to employees, customers or the general public.
It is the responsibility of each employee to report all incidents or unsafe conditions to their supervisor. Supervisors must immediately take necessary corrective action to prevent unsafe conditions.
It is also the policy of [Agency Name] to require that safety training and the use of safe protective equipment and procedures are adhered to at all times. Individual employees are expected to perform their duties in a safe and responsible manner, as safe work behavior is a condition of employment.
Prohibited behaviors are behaviors that are in violation of the System Safety Program Plan. Such behaviors include behaviors that threaten the safety of employees, customers and the general public. Other unacceptable behaviors include those that result in damage to system, employee or public property.
An employee who intentionally violates safety policy and procedures will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action, as determined by the findings of an investigation. Such discipline may include warnings, demotion, suspension or immediate dismissal. In addition, such actions may cause the employee to be held legally liable under State or Federal Law.
This operational policy was adopted by the [Name of Agency’s Governing Board].
Date ________________________________
Month ______________________________
Year ________________________________
System Manager (Signature) __________________________
Governing Board Chairman (Signature) __________________
Ohio DOT Safety Policy Statement
This safety program describes the policies, procedures and requirements to be followed by management, maintenance and operating personnel in order to provide a safe environment for Agency employees (volunteers) and the general public. All personnel are expected and required to adhere to the policies, procedures, and requirements established herein and to properly and diligently perform safety-related functions as a condition of employment.
The Agency has a sincere concern for the welfare and safety of its employees (and volunteers) as well as the public it serves. The goal of this program is to eliminate the suffering and cost of avoidable personal injury and vehicle accidents.
It is the Agency policy to provide safe working conditions for all employees (and volunteers) and to provide complete instructions covering safe work methods. All Agency employees (and volunteers) will promote accident prevention by actively supporting the safety program.
PURPOSE
The National Safety Council defines a preventable accident as one in which the operator did not do everything that reasonably could have been done to prevent the accident. This plan’s purpose is to determine whether an accident resulted from the action or inaction of an Agency employee (or volunteer), in order to identify and implement corrective action and ultimately prevent future accidents and/or injuries. The Agency Safety Program will be accomplished through the following activities:
• The Agency will pursue an active safety inspection program involving all facilities, vehicles, and work procedures to identify and correct all hazardous conditions and practices;
• The Agency will actively investigate and review all accidents involving Agency employees (and volunteers) or property to determine the source of negligence in the accident and to outline preventive measures;
• The Agency will conduct both formal and informal safety training sessions for all employees (and volunteers);
• The Agency will establish personal protective equipment guidelines for its employees (and volunteers), provide the equipment, and require employees (and volunteers) to utilize the equipment.
• The Agency will provide adequate equipment so as to provide a safe transportation system for its riders and the general public.
• The Agency Safety Plan will involve all employees (and volunteers) and will be actively pursued as a condition of employment.
_________________________________________
Signed-Executive Director
These policies as well as additional safety policies are available on the Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide website at the following address:
Safety Policy 2
Safety Policy 3
Safety Policy 4 [Contractor]
Safety Policy 5 [Memo]
System Safety Definition and Purpose
This section addresses the intent of the system safety program plan and defines why it is being written. The system safety program plan establishes the safety philosophy of the whole organization and provides the means for implementation. The following are sample purpose statements:a) The SSPP describes the functions and responsibilities necessary to achieve and maintain the highest degree of safety possible. It provides a means of improving communication, documentation, and coordination with in the entire system and can reduce actual and potential incidents of injuries, property damage, and delays in service. The SSPP applies to all areas of the transportation system, including design, procurement, administration, operations and maintenance. (Pasco County Public Transportation, Pasco County, Florida)
b) A planned program with documented procedures and guidelines shall be used to regulate and maintain the system so as to provide our passengers with the optimum safety considerations. (Hartline, Tampa, Florida)
c) The purpose of the SSPP is to establish formal mechanisms to be used by all departments to:
Identify hazards associated with [Agency Name] transportation systems. Eliminate minimize or control these hazards.
The SSPP will be used as a means of preventing injuries, accidents and other losses. It demonstrates [Agency Name] commitment to safety and compliance through loss prevention programs. The Plan is consistent with federal, state and local regulations. (Houston METRO, Houston, Texas)
d) While the System Safety Program Plan has many objectives, its primary purpose is to ensure the safe operation of [Agency Name] transit systems for customers, employees, and the public throughout all phases of the transit systems’ life cycles. The System Safety Program Plan establishes the agencies safety philosophy and provides a means for its implementation.(Denver RTD, Denver, Colorado)
e) The system safety plan establishes an organized, thorough and logical safety program for the [Agency Name]. This plan formalizes the [Agency Name] commitment to insure that managerial, technical and operational skills are adequate, coordinated and focused toward attaining measurable improvements in all areas of operation. The plan reconfirms management’s desire to provide safe working conditions for its employees and to provide safe, efficient transportation to the public.(Rural Florida)
Goals
The overall goal of a system safety program plan is to identify, eliminate, minimize and control safety hazards and the attendant risks by establishing requirements, lines of authority, levels of responsibility and accountability, and methods of documentation for the organization. A goal encouraged to be long-term, meaningful and achievable.Objectives
Objectives are the working elements of the system safety program plan, the means by which the identified goals are achieved. Objectives are encouraged to be specific, clearly defined, measurable and provide a framework of day to day activities that are in place to achieve the goal. Below are examples of goals and objectives from SSPP from a number of transit agencies:• The overall goal of [Agency Name] is to provide non-emergency transportation services in a safe, effective and efficient manner. The objectives for attaining the safest operating conditions are as follows:
• Identify unsafe conditions
• Develop methods to control or eliminate hazards
• Determine the simplest, most effective means in controlling hazards
• Estimate the cost to eliminate or control the hazard
• Estimate losses as a result of the hazard
• Determine or estimate the cost savings or benefits as a result of eliminating or controlling the hazard. (Rural Florida Transit Agency)
• The overall goal of [Agency Name] is to provide transportation services in a safe, reliable manner, and reduce costs associated with accidents. The objectives for attaining the safest operating conditions and environments are as follows:
In the effort to attain this goal [Agency Name] will identify unsafe conditions and develop methods to eliminate or control those hazards that could cause unsafe conditions. The most effective solutions to control hazards will be determined in an effort to eliminate any estimated losses as a result of the hazard. These objectives shall be applied to all aspects of the system in reducing accidents and all employees shall be trained accordingly. (Rural Florida) • The overall goal of the Transit Provider is to provide safe, reliable, dependable transportation in the most cost-effective manner possible. The following objectives are applied to all aspects of operations to increase safety awareness and reduce accidents:
1. Identify unsafe conditions and practices.
2. Develop methods to control or eliminate accidents.
3. Determine the simplest, most effective solution to control accidents.
4. Work with DOTD to resolve any safety or compliance issues (Louisiana DOTD)
System Safety Program Elements and Tasks
Within the System Safety Program Elements and Tasks section, are three subsets of issues that are encouraged to be addressed in the SSPP: core safety elements, hazard assessment policy, and emergency response planning.Core Safety Elements
The core safety elements to be addressed in a SSPP include driver/employee selection, driver/employee training, vehicle maintenance, drug and alcohol programs and data acquisition and analysis. The following chapters will address the core elements and identify how they are incorporated into the SSPP along with examples of policies, worksheets and documents that can be utilized by transit agencies of all sizes in developing their system safety program plan.Hazard Assessment Policy
It is recommended that the SSPP include a hazard identification and resolution process to be used by employees. At a minimum, a policy that states how hazards are identified and resolved in a manner acceptable to general management would be included. The following are examples of hazard assessment policies from a rural transit agency and small suburban transit agency.
North Carolina Rural Transit Agency Hazard Identification
Employees are asked to report unsafe conditions and practices to their supervisors at once. Once the condition is reported, a hazard assessment is conducted (by using the hazard assessment matrix). After the assessment is completed, the condition is addressed and resolved.
Pasco County, (FL) Public Transportation
Tasks
The primary task for ensuring operational safety is to properly identify and assess hazards or conditions that result or could result in accidents. The method of identifying, analyzing, assessing, and resolving causes of accidents is done by all sections and areas of the system, using all available information and resources. Immediate efforts shall be made to resolve the more severe potential hazards that could result in accidents. Assessment of hazards shall result in resolution by either eliminating or negating the hazard through the use of safety devices and/or new, improved procedures. Safe operations and a reduction in the potential for hazards are accomplished through proper and adequate training of new employees and refresher training courses for incumbent employees. Random inspections of operational functions shall be made by management to identify hazards not normally identified in day-to-day activities.
Emergency Response Planning
The purpose of emergency response planning is to identify policies and procedures necessary to protect transit employees, passengers and property. System security, driver/employee selection, driver/employee training, vehicle maintenance and safety data acquisition/analysis are the core safety program elements.Training is recommended for first responders, local police, fire and EMS personnel to become familiar with the vehicles, how to operate emergency exits and disable the battery.
Emergency response planning identifies individuals within the organization that will be assigned specific tasks prior to, during and following a disaster, terrorist attack or emergency. For more information on emergency response planning see the Comprehensive Safety Response Plan developed by the Indiana Department of Transportation.
System Safety Program Plan Implementation and Maintenance
It recommended that this section of the SSPP address the methods by which the SSPP is reviewed and updated. It is encouraged that an SSPP contain a stated process for revisions, an annual review of the SSPP, the agency management review process, and the annual safety plan certification would be noted in this section. Following are examples of implementation and plan update procedures developed by two transit agencies.
Pasco County Public Transportation
A. Implementation
The requirements of this SSPP are consistently and continuously applied as required. It is the responsibility of PCPT management to maintain, update, and make the necessary revisions to the SSPP on a recurring basis. The plan is submitted to FDOT for review of appropriate compliance with Chapter 14-90, FAC.
North Carolina Rural Transit Agency
Plan Control and Update Procedures
The SSPP will be reviewed and updated on an annual basis. If the need arises, the plan may be revised on an as needed basis.
Conclusion
The following chapters will look at each of the core elements of the SSPP and identify information that is recommended to be incorporated in the SSPP document. Each chapter will also provide links, examples of policies, worksheets and other resource documents that can be used by states and transit agencies in the development of the SSPP. The materials are intended to be used as outline models and templates for states and transit systems in developing their safety and security programs.Driver/Employee Selection in System Safety Program Plans
Driver selection is critical to safe transit operations. The driver of a transit bus vehicle is directly responsible for the safety of passengers and other motorists who share the road with transit buses. The transit provider is encouraged to have a clear definition of driver qualifications, and background. This applies to all safety-critical employees and bus operators, both paid and volunteer.A safety plan may contain several policies and statements addressing issues related to driver and employee selection. Items such as job descriptions, driver licensing requirements, driving record requirements, physical requirements and drug and alcohol testing may all be included in an SSPP. Some of this information may be contained in other documents, such as employee hiring policies, or with the transit system’s drug and alcohol policy.
Included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies have addressed elements of driver/employee selection in their system safety program plans.
Safety Sensitive Employee Positions
All employees both paid and volunteer that are directly involved in the movement of a vehicle are considered safety sensitive employees. These employees include: bus operators, those individuals whose position require a commercial driver’s license, dispatchers, maintenance workers, trainers, security personnel carrying firearms, supervisors and managers.Steps in selecting qualified operators and other safety sensitive employees include:
• Job description
• Application form
• Employee evaluation criteria including:
o General skills
o Driving experience
o Employment record
o Background check
o Pre-employment physical requirements
o Pre- employment drug screening
Job Description
The job description clearly states the functions of the work, duties and responsibilities, job qualifications and requirements necessary to fulfill expectations for the position. Below are examples of job descriptions from TRI-MET and the Utah Transit Authority; full job descriptions can be viewed on-line by clicking on the title. Other examples of job descriptions are available in the Minnesota Department of Transportation,“Transit Safety and Security Workbook."Job Description & Bus Operator Application - TriMet (Portland)
Bus Operator Application - Utah Transit Authority
Employment Application Form
The application form enables the transit system to gather detailed information to effectively screen applicants and identify potential new hires. It is recommended that the application include:• Name, address, telephone number
• Social Security Number
• Date of birth
• Education
• Previous employment
• Valid driver license
• List of motor vehicle accidents in the past 10 years
• Applicant’s legal right to work and live in the United States
• Criminal record
• Ability to speak and write the English language
• Minimum age for license required (CDL minimum age is 21)
• Previous driving experience
• Veterans status
• Question if candidate is aware of anything that would preclude them from obtaining a CDL (e.g., child support delinquency, license suspension)
• References (Minimum one personal and one professional)
• Physical requirements (safely drive any bus in the fleet)
• Authorization for transportation agency to conduct background checks/information searches (e.g., fingerprints, credit checks, identity verification [Federal I-9 form], other)
Below are examples of employment applications found on the Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide Core Element - Driver/Employee Selection page. PSTA-Florida-Bus Operator Employment Application
Evaluation Criteria
Evaluation criteria are developed using the information requirements contained in the job description. These criteria are used to evaluate the information obtained from the application form, interview, background checks, pre-placement physical exam, and substance abuse screening. Minimum selection criteria may vary depending on the size of the transit system, federal and state regulations, transit system policies, and local jurisdiction requirements. It is important that each transit agency decides which criteria are appropriate for their agency to use, what the minimum requirements are for the job, and keep a record of their evaluation criteria on file.Application Screen
The application screen is used by the transit system to review the information contained in the completed application and any supporting documentation. Evaluation criteria are used to identify applicants who are potential candidates for an interview. The driving record, vehicle licensing, and driving experience of the applicant would be examined to determine if the minimum standards are met. Background checks may be done at this stage rather than waiting until after the interview step. Upon review, a decision is made whether to invite the individual for an interview.Interview Screen
The interview screen further assesses the qualifications of the applicant through direct observation and additional testing. The applicant may be tested on aptitude, attitude, and capabilities relating to verbal and language proficiency, safety, customer service knowledge, and physical condition and driving skills.General Skills
Applicants are encouraged to have English proficiency in writing, reading and speaking to adequately perform the job. It is recommended that applicants be able to read maps, follow directions, have an understanding of the service area and perform basic math. It is recommended that the applicants exhibit good judgment, have good interpersonal skills and the ability to stay calm in emergency situations.Driving Experience and Driving Record
Driving Experience and Driving Record Operators transporting people must hold a valid driver’s license or Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) as appropriate for the job and as required by state and federal regulations.Applicant’s Operating Experience
• Applicants with at least 1- 5 years of driving experience are preferred
• Applicants must be able to operate the buses and vans of different styles and types used by the transit agencies.
• Disqualify the applicant if the driving record reveals a pattern of aggressive or reckless driving.
• Applicants who have an acceptable driving record over an acceptable period of time may be qualified. (Number of moving violations over period of time at discretion of transit agency.)
• North Carolina Motor Vehicle Driver Evaluation Form
Employment Record
• Applicant has satisfactory employment record for 10 years on jobs requiring a CDL
• Applicant has satisfactory employment for a minimum period less than 10 years
Background Checks
Contacting previous employers and references provided by the applicant is the commonly used approach.• Applicant will have a driving record and criminal history check done prior to being offered a position.
• An applicant who has an convictions of a felony for crime of violence, sexual assault, child abuse or a felony drug conviction will not be considered for the position.
North Carolina-Motor Vehicle Background Check
Pre-Employment Physical Requirements
Pre-Employment Physical Requirements • The driver must be physically able to perform the functions associated with the assignment. These factors may include good eyesight with vision in both eyes, normal depth perception, normal peripheral vision true color perception. Operator shall have adequate hearing to assure safe response to vehicle horns, emergency vehicle sirens, and train signals, physical strength and dexterity to assist disabled passengers (especially in demand responsive/paratransit assignments), or other factors that may be unique to the driving assignments.• Applicant must pass pre-employment physical qualification consistent with transit agency’s policies, state and or/federal regulation.
Pre-Employment Drug Screening
• Applicant must successfully pass a pre-employment drug test required by FTA regulations (49 CFR Part 655). Applicants applying for safety sensitive positions must comply with drug and alcohol testing requirements as outlined in the agency drug and alcohol policy.Below is an example of release of information from a previous authorization document from Santa Cruz Metropolitan Transit District.
The pages below provide excerpts from seven different transit systems with examples of how they establish and document driver/employee selection requirements.
Colorado Safety Plan- Transit Safety & Security Prototype
Driver Selection
Driver selection is critical to safe transit operations. The driver of a transit bus is directly responsible for the safety of his or her passengers and other drivers that share the road with the transit vehicle. The transit provider should have a clear definition of driver qualifications and requirements (whether the driver is paid or volunteer). The driver selection criteria must address specific, safety-related items.
Licensing – The driver must be properly licensed and the license must be appropriate for the type of vehicle the driver is assigned. Licensing may also need to consider local jurisdiction requirements.
Driving record – The driver should have an acceptable past driving record over a reasonable period of time. The driving record should demonstrate an ability to follow traffic rules and regulations and thus avoid accidents.
Physical requirements - The driver must be physically able to perform the functions associated with the assignment. These factors may include good eyesight with true color perception, good hearing, physical strength and dexterity to assist disabled passengers (especially in demand responsive/ paratransit assignments), or other factors that may be unique to the driving assignments.
Other safety-related factors or requirements may be appropriate depending on local jurisdiction requirements or specific characteristics of the driving assignments.
Indiana Comprehensive Response Plan
EMPLOYEE SELECTION
INTRODUCTION
Employee selection is critical to safe transit operations. The driver of a transit vehicle is directly responsible for the safety of their passengers and other motorists that share the road with the transit buses. The transit agency should have a clear definition of driver qualifications and background. This applies to all safety-critical employees, both paid and volunteer. The employee selection criteria must address specific, safety-related items. Employees or job categories included in employee selection are as follows.
Safety sensitive positions
- Anyone who may cause movement of a vehicle, either directly or indirectly or affects public safety
- All positions identified in Part 655 of the FTA Drug and Alcohol Regulations
The job description should clearly state the functions of the position and include specific information about the candidate’s age, abilities and driving record.
| Minimum | "Enhanced" (additional as applicable) |
|---|---|
|
- 21 years - Literacy / Communication - English proficiency adequate to perform job - Valid driver license - Acceptable driving record - Ability to operate all types of equipment |
- Customer service oriented - Alert / Foresighted to maintain safety - Team player - Non risk-taker - Punctual and reliable - Follows directions - Honesty |
- Contains language stating, “willful misstatement will result in termination.
- Has a release giving permission for transportation agency to conduct background checks/information searches (e.g., fingerprints, credit checks, identity verification [Federal I-9 form], other)
- Asks if the candidate is aware of anything that would preclude obtaining a CDL (e.g., child support delinquency, license suspension)
- Require references (minimum) 1 personal, 1 professional
All applicants will have a driving record and criminal history check done on them prior to being offered a position. Applicants will be disqualified if they have more than two moving violation convictions in the past 3 years or if they have a pattern of aggressive driving. In addition, a criminal records check will also be performed on all applicants. Anyone who has been convicted of a felony for crime of violence, sexual assault, child abuse or a felony drug conviction will not be considered for the position.
Applicants applying for safety sensitive positions must comply with drug and alcohol testing requirements as outlined in the agency drug and alcohol policy. Any applicant applying for a position requiring a PPC or CDL must produce a valid DOT physical.
| Minimum | "Enhanced" (additional as applicable) |
|---|---|
| • Screen driving record (consider overall driving pattern, including accident reports) | |
| - In-state (past 5 years) | - Multi-state (preferred) |
| • Criminal record (background check) | |
| - Multi-level criminal check (Federal, state and local data) | - Misdemeanours further evaluated |
| • Medical and Functionality Physical | |
| - DOT Medical Standards or State Equivalent | - Road test in personal vehicle |
| - Drug & Alcohol test | |
Louisiana DOTD Transit Providers Model Safety Program
The driver selection criteria shall address specific, safety-related items:
• Licensing – Transit Provider drivers must possess, or successful test and pass, the Louisiana commercial driver’s license (CDL), class B license and the “P”, or passenger endorsement.
• Driving record – The driver shall have an acceptable past driving record over a reasonable period of time.
• Physical requirements – The driver shall be physically able to perform the functions associated with the driving assignment.
• Driver Duties –
a. Drivers are required to notify management immediately of any personal and /or work related driving violations.
b. All Transit Provider drivers must have an initial physical examination and then at least once every two (2) years. Each exam must be recorded by the physician on a form approved by LADOTD. Transit Provider will maintain physical exam records for a minimum of four (4) years.
c. All drivers must be drug free. Drivers WILL NOT drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol. (First violation of this policy will result in IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL).
d. Drivers WILL NOT drive if their ability is impaired by fatigue, illness, or other causes that make it unsafe for the driver to drive or continue driving.
e. Drivers WILL NOT drive more than 12 hours or be on duty more than 16 hours in any one 24-hour period. (One hour of additional driving is allowed if necessitated by adverse conditions resulting from weather, road traffic or medical emergencies and disasters.) Drivers are not permitted to drive more than 70 hours in any seven consecutive calendar days.
f. Drivers must carry their Driver’s License with them at all times when operating a Transit Provider vehicle.
g. Drivers will inspect buses prior to morning departure to ensure safe operating conditions and will complete and submit a “Pre-trip Safety Inspection Checklist” for each assigned vehicle before leaving the yard.
h. Drivers are responsible for submitting a written report on any defects or deficiencies they believe could cause mechanical malfunctions or affect the safe operation of the vehicle.
i. Drivers have the responsibility and the authority to park any vehicle that they deem to be operationally unsafe.
j. Drivers will ensure that each vehicle has a charged fire extinguisher on board at all times.
3.0 Operators – Initial Hire
3.1. Qualifications (Principal Source – Champaign)
3.1.1. Application
Each potential employee shall complete a written application.
3.1.2. Interviews
Each potential employee shall be interviewed by the Executive Director and supervisor.
3.1.3. Physical Requirements
No person shall drive, require or permit any person to drive any vehicle in the service of transporting clients or on agency business unless the operator possess the following minimum qualifications:
a. Mental and Physical Conditions - Operators shall be in sound physical and mental condition. Operators shall not have any physical or mental defects or limitations likely to interfere with safe driving, customer assistance or emergency activities, in the opinion of the party responsible for hiring or supervising operators and the physician performing the operator’s physical examination. The operator must be physically capable of assisting persons with disabilities including mobility aid users if the job duties require it.
b. Eyesight - Operators must have vision in both eyes, normal depth perception, normal peripheral vision and be free of any disease or condition that could impair vision. Operator must have 20/40 vision in each eye with or without correction, and 140 degrees or better horizontal vision. Operators must be able to distinguish between green, red and yellow.
c. Hearing - Operators shall have adequate hearing to assure safe response to vehicle horns, emergency vehicle sirens, and train signals.
d. Alcohol, narcotics and drugs - Operators shall not be addicted tothe use of alcohol, narcotics or habitforming drugs. Drug and alcohol tests shall be conducted in accordance with State and/or Federal Regulations.
e. Doctor’s Physical Examination - The Director shall have and keep on file a certificate of Physical Examination given within twelve (12) months prior to employment, signed by a qualified, licensed physician, for every operator in the organization’s employment, attesting that such a doctor has examined said operator and found him/her to meet satisfactorily the qualifications set forth in applicable State and/or Federal Regulations.
3.1.4. Age
Operators shall be at least twenty-one years of age.
3.1.5 Knowledge of English
Operators shall be able to read, write and speak the English language.
3.1.6. Operator Licensing
Operators transporting people shall hold a valid Operator’s License or Commercial Operator’s License as appropriate. An original, not a copy, of the Bureau of Motor Vehicle (BMV) report issued within the past ten (10) days must be produced before the potential employee is considered for hire. (See qualification criteria below.) In no case will an individual be given a road test, placed in training or allowed to operate an Agency vehicle without a BMV check that is in compliance with this policy and has been approved by the Executive Director.
These criteria include:
• Good driving record with no Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), Driving Under the Influence (DUI) or similar charges, reckless driving, railroad crossing violations or leaving the scene of an accident offenses.
• No more than a total of two moving violations or accidents within the last three years.
• No suspended or revoked licenses within the past 10 years for moving violations or violations of criminal laws.
• Any combination of violations, unfavorable road observations or accidents that indicates a pattern of unsafe vehicle operation behavior, whether on or off the job.
• Minimum of five years driving experience.
3.1.7. Operating Skills
Operators shall have experience in safely driving some type of motor vehicle (including private automobile) for not less than five (5) years, including experience throughout the four seasons.
3.1.8 Criminal Record Checks
An original criminal record check, issued within the past 10 days, shall be obtained as part of the application process. Persons with felony convictions of any sort are unacceptable. Other unacceptable convictions include crimes of violence, drug usage or sales, physical abuse, fraud or theft. A pattern of unlawful behavior shall also disqualify an applicant.
3.1.9. Ability to perform simple math.
3.1.10. Reasonable knowledge of the service area and ability to read basic maps.
3.1.11. A road test given by a designated Agency Supervisor is required.
3.1.12. A written driving skills test is required.
8. Training and Certification Review
A. Driver – Employee Section
- Background Check
A driver licenses and criminal check is conducted in the State of North Carolina on all potential employees. An annual check of driving records is conducted on all transportation drivers and results kept in their personnel file in the Human Resource office. If the employee will be working around small children, a criminal check is conducted before hiring and annually.
- Medical Exam
All drivers have a pre-employment physical and must pass a pre-employment drug test before they can be hired. (we have no CDL employees)
After the interview process, each driver must meet the requirements of the job description. A list of job descriptions is kept in the Human Resource office.
Operations and Driving Requirements
The Coordinator and Safety Supervisor shall be responsible for pre-employment qualifications for drivers, proof of valid licenses, records of licenses, training and testing, driver's work periods, driving hours, and medical examination requirements. Operational rules and procedures shall be in compliance with state law and all newly-employed drivers shall be instructed on such rules and procedures.
North Carolina Safety Resource Guide
North Carolina Safety Resource Guide The driver/employee forms from the North Carolina Safety Resource Guide are an excellent resource for forms on background checks, medical exams, and employment procedures. The forms listed below are in a format that can be easily downloaded and printed.08 [12] TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION REVIEW – AUDIT
DRIVER – EMPLOYEE SELECTION**
Background Check
Motor Vehicle Background Check
MVR Driver Evaluation Form
Examination to Determine Physical Condition of Driver
Physical Examination for Public Transit Driver
Employment Process
Initial Hire Procedures for Drivers
Selecting a Safe Driver – Procedures
Minimum Driver Eligibility Criteria
Pre-Employment Driver Evaluation
Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide Core Element- Driver /Employee Selection
The Transit Bus Safety Resource Guide Core Element - Driver/Employee Selection page contains a number of examples of Driver Applications from transit agencies across the country. The site also contains links to APTA’s, Bus Operator Survey & Selection Program (BOSS) and the TCRP Synthesis 40 - Hiring and Training Public Transit Operators.
Driver/Employee Training in System Safety Program Plans
Once qualified candidates are identified and hired, initial and on-going training is critical to insure proper operations and adherence to transit providers’ rules and regulations. Proper qualification of operating and maintenance personnel is a vital part of a safe transit environment. It is recommended that driver training address specific safety-related issues appropriate to the type of vehicle and driving assignment.It recommended that a safety plan contain specific elements related to operator and employee training. Some of the information may be contained in other documents, such as employee hiring policies, or with the system’s drug and alcohol policy. Included in this chapter are examples of how some transit agencies address driver/employee training in their system safety program plan.
Safety Sensitive Employee Positions
All employees both paid and volunteers that are directly involved in the movement of a vehicle are considered safety sensitive employees. These employees include: bus operators, those individuals whose positions require a commercial driver’s license, dispatchers, maintenance workers, security personnel carrying firearms, supervisors and managers. The level of detail of operator/employee training may depend on the needs and the resources of the transit system.Training of First Responders
Training is recommended for first responders, local police, fire and EMS personnel to become familiar with the vehicle, how to operate emergency exits and disable the battery. This training helps the first responder personnel and emergency response personnel learn about the transit industry and helps service support personnel learn about what the emergency response personnel expect from them. Training TopicsOperator and Employee training is needed for the prevention of incidents and accidents, and are critical for the safe operation of transit agencies. Training also ensures that proper procedures are followed if an incident occurs. Topics to be covered in operator and employee training include:
• Agency Policies and Procedures
• Policy and Procedures Manual
• Personnel Policies/procedures
• Scheduling
• Radio Procedures
• Emergency Procedures
• Organizational Structure
• Reporting/Documentation of Events
• ADA Requirements
• Vehicle Orientation/Familiarization
• Pre-trip and Post Trip Inspections and Reporting
• Defensive Driving
• Service Area Orientation
• Shop and Yard Safety Procedures
• Safety, Security and Emergency Procedures
• General Safety Practices
• Emergency Management Procedures
• Personal Safety
• Fires
• Bomb Threats
• Hazard Identification and Procedures
• Accident Reporting
• Drug and Alcohol Programs
• First-Aid/Bloodborne Pathogens (latex gloves, bleach cleaner, paper towels, disinfectant, absorbent powder, approved bags and containers for proper disposal)
• Passenger Awareness and Sensitivity Training (PASS)
Below are links to examples of training and orientation checklists from the North Carolina Safety Resource Guide.
Driver Orientation Checklist
Training Orientation Checklist
Operator Training
It is recommended that transit system employees be provided with regular training and education on safety related topics, along with refresher and remedial courses on all aspects of their jobs.Regular training is recommended to assure the operator is aware of policy and procedure changes, fare changes, route and vehicle changes and changes to Homeland Security threat levels and procedures.
Remedial training is recommended for operators who have been involved in serious collision or have developed unsafe driving behaviors or other driving problems.
Refresher training is aimed at renewing proper safe driving behavior of operators that have been driving vehicles for a number of years. Refresher training can be targeted at driving behavior problems that have been identified by trends in accident/incident analysis.
Colorado Safety Plan-Transit Safety & Security Prototype
Driver/Employee Training Once qualified candidates are identified and hired, initial and ongoing training is critical to insure proper operations and adherence to the transit providers’ rules and regulations. Proper qualification of operating and maintenance personnel is a vital part of a safe transit environment. Driver training should address specific safety-related issues appropriate to the type of vehicle and driving assignment.
Traffic regulations – Training should address state and local traffic rules and regulations, including traffic signs and signals (including proper use of hand signals).
Defensive driving and accident prevention – Training should stress defensive driving principles, collision prevention, and concepts of preventable accidents as a measure of defensive driving success.
Type of vehicle in service – Training should focus on the type of vehicle that will be used in service; significant differences can exist among different bus models and among different manufacturers, and equipment may have characteristics that are unique to the service environment.
Basic driving maneuvers, including backing and stopping – Training should include all core driving maneuvers for the type of vehicle in service, including the difficulties in backing maneuvers that can lead to accidents, stopping distance requirements, and equipment-specific functions such as door opening and closing procedures for passenger boarding and alighting.
Other training – This should include training on agency policies and procedures ,including safety and security procedures, training for transportation of elderly and/or disabled riders, and other training as needed.
The transit provider should maintain complete and accurate records of all driver training and certification, as well as the training materials and grading mechanism. Drivers should be required to demonstrate skill and performance competency in the type of vehicle to which they are assigned as a part of training requirements. Training transit operations personnel is not a onetime activity. Ongoing/recurring training is necessary to reinforce policies and procedures as well as providing a mechanism to brief drivers on new policies, procedures, and/or regulations.
Indiana Comprehensive Safety Response Plan
EMPLOYEE TRAINING INTRODUCTION Once qualified candidates are identified and hired, initial and on-going training is critical to insure proper operations and adherence to the transit agency rules and regulations. Proper qualification of operating and maintenance personnel is a vital part of a safe transit environment. Operator training should address specific safety-related issues appropriate to the type of vehicle and driving assignment including fitness for duty. The following job categories have been identified as critical to safe transit operation:
• Operators
• Others (service support personnel)
- Dispatchers
- Supervisors
- Maintenance (including hostlers)
- Upper management / Administration
Vehicle Operations
- Vehicle orientation (pre-trip and post-trip)
- Equipment types and procedures (lifts, securement, safety features, fire prevention)
- Defensive driving (including preventability)
- Service area orientation (routes, schedules, environment)
- CDL if necessary
- Rule books / Handbooks / HR procedures
- Drug & Alcohol Program
- Communication procedures
- Diversity (ADA) / Harassment / Work Place Violence
- System safety policy
- Blood Borne Pathogens
- Fitness for Duty
- Emergency procedures
- Security awareness training
North Carolina Rural Transit Agency
Driver – Employee Training
1. Performance Evaluation
In November, an annual performance evaluation is completed and reviewed with each employee. A copy of this review is kept in the employees personnel file.
2. Ride Clerks
The Child Development Department annually rides with the Child Development Van. A record of this is kept at the Child Development Department.
3. Child Safety
A copy of the child transportation policy is located in the folder of this plan located in the Transportation Coordinators office.
4. Employee Conduct
Proper employee conduct is outlined in the County’s Personnel Policy. A copy is located in the Transportation Coordinator’s office.
5. Passenger Behavior
A copy of the passenger van rules is located in the folder of this plan located in the Transportation Coordinator’s office.
6. Office Safety Procedures
An outline concerning office safety is listed on page 10 and 11 of the Employee Safety Handbook.
7. Training
A copy of training items covered each month is located in the Transportation Coordinator’s office.
8. Emergency Response Planning, Coordination and Training
The proper steps to take in case of an emergency are listed in the Employee’s Safety Handbook. A copy is located in the Transportation Coordinator’s office
Florida Rural County Transit Agency
Driver training shall follow those guidelines established within the "(Agency Name) Driver Training and Safety Manual" (see appendix A). The "(Agency Name) Driver Training and Safety Manual" is updated as needed and kept available in the office. The manual establishes well defined written instructions and safety procedures for all drivers. A file shall be maintained on each employee to ensure proper documentation of all driving records, incidents, and safety concerns.
Incentives and Awards Program
Incentives and awards programs may be performance based, measured by attendance, punctuality, commendations, heroism, driving record or absence of crash/incident/injury. Information about the program may be illustrated through the employee handbook, policy manuals, training and reminders. Awards may consist of plaques, certificates, trophies, pins and other items. Below is the employee incentive plan from the North Carolina Bus Safety Resource Guide.Safety Incentive Program
Safety Incentive Programs are based upon positive reinforcement of good driving skills. Key elements include.
1. Standards must be set high but be attainable so as not to reward mediocre behavior.
2. The incentive must be earned.
3. The incentive must have some personal value, whether it be an elevation in status, physical reward or both.
4. The award should be based upon performance over a reasonable period of time. Not too long or short. For safe driver awards, an interval of yearly is appropriate. For other incentive programs such as contest, three or six months are appropriate.
5. For drivers, individual performance, rather than group performance should be used as a criteria.
6. It is better for many participants to receive small awards rather than one person to receive a big reward.
7. The presentation of an award should be preceded by a celebration to emphasize the importance.
The following safe driver award program is suggested:
Every driver who completes a year (1500 hours or __ miles) or more of safe driving with a Safe Driver patch denoting the number of years of continuous safe driving and the following monetary awards:
One Year - $25
Two Years - $50
Three Years - $75
Four Years - $100
Five Years - $150
Over Five - $150 + for each year over 5
Ten Years - $400
North Carolina Safety Resource Guide
The North Carolina Safety Resource Guide is an excellent resource for driver evaluation forms, operating procedures, testing tools, training procedures and training tools. These forms are in a format that can be easily downloaded and printed. The resource guide also contains policies on child safety, employee conduct and passenger behavior.Driver – Employee Training**
Awards Program
Evaluation Tools
Performance Evaluations
Driver Performance Evaluation Form Criteria
Driver Performance Evaluation Form 1
Driver Performance Evaluation Form 2
Driver Performance Evaluation Form 3
Driver Performance Evaluation Form 4
General Performance Evaluation Form
Ride Checks
Paratransit Driver Ride Check Form
General Policies
Child Safety
Employee Conduct